BRIEF HISTORY OF SINDH UNTIL 1947

Author : Rtn. Gangaram Shamdas Purswani(P.H.F)

BC 6000 : Indus Valley – Neolithic settlements.

BC 5000 : Farming, pottery and beads developed.

BC 4000 : Potter’s wheel and bow drill invented.

BC 3500 : Growth of pottery.

BC 3000 : Amri civilization and its ruins.

BC 3100-850 : Sindhi language evolved over a period of 2400 years.

BC 2500 : Kani Kot ruins civilization

BC 2300 : MOHEN-jo-daro civilization

BC 1700 : Aryan rule for about 1000 years starting 1700 BC.

BC 1500 : Sehwan (Sivistan) was important centre of Shiva cult.

BC 810 : Egyptian Emperor Sume Rames attacked Sindh

BC 566-490 : Huns ruled Sindh.

BC 519 : Sindh annexed to Persian Achaembnian Empire ruled by King Darius for about 125 years.

BC326-325 : Alexander the “Great” stormed through, the lndus Valley, met resistance in Sindh and was injured in Multan.

BC 313 : Buddhism was popularized in Sindh during emperor Ashoka’s period.

AD 280-500 : Perisan rule

AD 550-711 : (i) Rai Sahiras and his son Rai Sahasi ruled Sindh and formed Rai Dynasty. (ii) Chach succeeded the Rai and founded Brahman dynasty. (iii) Raja Dahar (Chach’s son) took over from Chander (Chach’s brother). Raja Dahar ruled Sindh for several years until the invasion of Arabs, when he was martyred.

AD 711-1026 : Sindh was invaded by a 17 year old Arab General, Muhammad Bin Qasim, establishing the Arab Rule for next 305 years,

AD 1026-1350 : Soomro Dynasty ruled Sindh for 300 years.

AD 1054 : Soomras faced ruinous_invasion by Mahmood Ghaznavi and Allauddin Khilji.

AD 1351 : The rise of the Samma Dynasty in Sindh. “Jams of Lasbella or currently known as the Alianis”

AD 1521-1554 : Arghun Rule was established in Sindh by Shah Beg. He was a descendant of Changez Khan. 

AD 1554-1591 : General Mirza Isa Beg found Tarkhan Dynasty in Sindh (Turks in origin) after the death of Shah Hassan Arghun.

AD 1555 : Portuguese sacked Thatta, a bustling metropolis of Sindh.

AD 1591-1700 : Shanshah Akbar, the Ruler of Hindustan, annexed Sindh, and ruled Sindh by appointing his governors. (40 Governors were appointed during the 81 years of rule.)

AD1701-1782 : Kalhoras ruled Sindh for 85 years. Twelve Kalhoras ruled during this time. This period is known as the golden period of Sindhi literature. Poets like Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai, Sachal Sharmast and Sami are amongst the prominent poets of Sindh.

AD1782-1843 : Talpur ruled Sindh for 61 years. The country was divided into three states Hyderabad State, Khairpur State and the State of Mirpur Khas.

AD 1843 : Talpur rulers of Sindh and Baluchistan were defeated by the British under Sir Charles Napier.

AD 1847 : Sindh was made part of Bombay Presidency by the British.

AD 1851 : Sindhi language was declared official language of Sindh.

AD 1853 : Final and refined version of Sindhi script was adopted by the British throughout Sindh and Bombay, which still exist in Sindh today.

AD 1908 : Barrister Ghulam M. Bhugri and Harchandrai Vishindas demanded independence of Sindh from Bombay.

AD 1936 : Sindh regained independence from Bombay Presidency.

AD 1947 : India achieved independence from British rule after a long struggle and great sacrifices. Sindh became part of newly created Islamic State of Pakistan. Riots and violence erupted in Sindh. A massive exodus of Hindu Sindhis resulted. More their 1.1 million Sindhis migrated to India.